Mining is one of the basic and pillar industries of China's national economy. There are more than 120000 mining industries in China. Mining plays a very important role in promoting national economic development. However, while providing materials for mankind, mining industry has also caused a lot of damage, mainly the discharge of solid waste, the most important of which is the discharge of industrial solid waste. The discharge of these wastes can induce environmental pollution, debris flow, collapse of tailings pond and other potential safety hazards. Moreover, underground mining has produced a large number of underground goaf, which is the main cause of underground surface collapse. Therefore, improper treatment of tailings pond and goaf will pose a great threat to the ecological environment and the safety of life and property.

Filling mining method can backfill the solid waste accumulated on the surface to the underground goaf, improve the operation safety of underground goaf, prevent surface collapse, and fill and utilize the surface solid waste. It has become a safe, efficient and environmental protection mining method. With the development of filling mining method, from the initial purpose of dealing with waste rock to improving the stability of stope, filling mining method accounts for an increasing proportion in modern mines. According to the different filling technology and filling materials, the filling mining method has developed from the initial dry filling to water sand filling, cemented filling, and then to paste filling. Each different filling method has different technical characteristics.